{"id":138,"date":"2022-04-13T11:56:17","date_gmt":"2022-04-13T15:56:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/naja.nextgenradio.org\/?page_id=138"},"modified":"2022-04-19T17:44:02","modified_gmt":"2022-04-19T21:44:02","slug":"indigenous-climate-crisis-adaptation-frank-bibeau-objiwe-attorney-rights-of-nature-wild-rice-joseph-lee","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/naja.nextgenradio.org\/indigenous-climate-crisis-adaptation-frank-bibeau-objiwe-attorney-rights-of-nature-wild-rice-joseph-lee\/","title":{"rendered":"Leveraging treaty rights and wild rice, Ojibwe attorney takes on pipeline"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”About Next Gen: DO NOT EDIT” _builder_version=”4.14.9″ background_color=”rgba(84,84,128,0)” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”rgba(56,6,6,0.56)” background_color_gradient_end=”#6d344b” background_color_gradient_type=”radial” background_color_gradient_start_position=”76%” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_image=”https:\/\/naja.nextgenradio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2022\/04\/49456640272_3a1ce5501d_o.jpg” background_position=”center_left” background_blend=”hard-light” custom_margin=”||25px||false|false” custom_padding=”|0px||0px|false|false” border_width_top=”25px” border_color_top=”#c64c21″ border_width_left=”25px” border_color_left=”#041252″ locked=”off” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Project ID row: DO NOT EDIT” _builder_version=”4.14.9″ custom_margin=”|||” custom_padding=”15px|0px|22px|0px||” custom_padding_tablet=”|0px||” custom_padding_phone=”|0px||” custom_width_px=”1280px” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/naja.nextgenradio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2022\/04\/newnextgenlogo2018_transp.png” title_text=”newnextgenlogo2018_transp” admin_label=”Next Gen Image” _builder_version=”4.7.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=”Project Description” _builder_version=”4.14.9″ text_font_size=”16px” header_font=”|700|on|on|||||” header_font_size=”25px” header_2_font=”Oswald|||on|||||” header_2_text_align=”left” header_2_text_color=”#EDF000″ header_2_line_height=”1.2em” custom_margin=”29px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

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Photo credit: US. Govt. NOAA via flickr<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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Frank Bibeau is an Ojibwe attorney who grew up canoeing in the lakes and rivers of Northern Minnesota, fishing and harvesting wild rice with his family. He is now using Rights of Nature \u2014 an innovative legal movement that protects water, animals and ecosystems by giving them legal rights \u2014to see if wild rice can stop a pipeline.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”HERO IMAGE OPTION 1: Background image: DELETE IF NOT NEEDED” _builder_version=”4.14.9″ background_enable_color=”off” background_image=”https:\/\/naja.nextgenradio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2022\/04\/joseph_eejoon_animated.gif” background_blend=”multiply” custom_margin=”-2px|||||” custom_padding=”12%||39.4%|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.9.10″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.7.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”6px||3px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ _builder_version=”4.7.7″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”3px||6px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.7.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.7.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Illustrator credit” _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Illustration by EeJoon Choi
<\/em><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.5.1″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”7px||35px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.5.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.5.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_post_title date=”off” comments=”off” featured_image=”off” admin_label=”Post Title” _builder_version=”4.7.7″ _module_preset=”default” title_level=”h3″ title_font=”Oswald||||||||” title_font_size=”42px” title_letter_spacing=”2px” title_line_height=”1.2em” meta_text_color=”#04a3e3″ meta_font_size=”18px” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_post_title][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.5.1″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||12px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.5.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text 1″ _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”18px” text_line_height=”1.8em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Growing up, Frank Bibeau moved around a lot. But wherever the family was, his grandfather made sure they always had at least a few pounds of wild rice. And every summer, Bibeau would return to the White Earth Ojibwe reservation in Minnesota to harvest wild rice in his grandfather\u2019s canoe.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt is really a romantic kind of a concept, you know, to go out on a nice autumn day and be out there in the sun and all the animals are out there,\u201d he said. \u201cAnd you’re picking rice the way people have picked for thousands of years.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

After he moved to the reservation in 1982, Bibeau inherited the canoe and his cousin\u2019s wild rice plant. He now helps community members to harvest wild rice and learn about the cultural significance it holds for the Ojibwe.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt’s still very significant,\u201d Bibeau said. \u201cYou know, it’s still a huge part of all of our spirit dishes. It’s part of all of our ceremonies or celebrations.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Bibeau is now using Rights of Nature \u2014 an innovative legal movement that protects water, animals and ecosystems by giving them legal rights \u2014 to see if wild rice can stop a pipeline.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.5.1″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_audio audio=”https:\/\/naja.nextgenradio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2022\/04\/NRG_2022_NAJA-3_JLee_MASTER.mp3″ title=”LISTEN TO THE STORY” artist_name=”JOSEPH LEE” album_name=”Next Generation Radio | Indigenous | April 2022″ admin_label=”Story Audio” _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#00bff3″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_audio][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/naja.nextgenradio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2022\/04\/Lee-3.jpg” alt=”\u00d2The American dream is not my Indigenous dream. It’s so different than that,\u00d3 Jolie Varela said. \u00d2As an Indigenous woman, I would like to see our ceremonies restored, our traditions restored, our homelands restored, and our land back. When people come from other places and they come in the name of this American dream or in pursuit of this American dream, I don’t think they realize how that American dream erases Indigenous people, and further infringes upon our rights as Native people.\u00d3 (Photo by Jarrette Werk)” title_text=”Lee-3″ align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Image 1″ _builder_version=”4.14.9″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=”Caption 1″ _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Wild rice, which the Ojibwe call Manoomin (meaning \u201cgood berry\u201d), is an important part of Ojibwe culture, diet and tradition. It is also an indicator species that signals whether or not the ecosystem is healthy.<\/span> (Photo courtesy of Frank Bibeau)
<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text 2″ _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”18px” text_line_height=”1.8em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Wild rice, and the waters it depends on, are now in danger from climate change and oil pipelines. Enbridge, a Canadian energy company, wants to expand Line 3, a controversial pipeline that Indigenous people and other environmental activists have fiercely opposed. Bibeau says the new corridor would run directly through wild rice beds and could threaten the environmental health of the whole area.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cYou start to understand just how important wild rice has been to the people over centuries and how important it is for the future as well, not just as a resource and a food, but it’s also an indicator species, a keystone species in the environment,\u201d said Bibeau. \u201cAnd so when wild rice isn’t doing very well, then you know there’s other problems in the water or or in the air or other things.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”3px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/naja.nextgenradio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2022\/04\/Lee-1.jpg” alt=”\u00d2The American dream is not my Indigenous dream. It’s so different than that,\u00d3 Jolie Varela said. \u00d2As an Indigenous woman, I would like to see our ceremonies restored, our traditions restored, our homelands restored, and our land back. When people come from other places and they come in the name of this American dream or in pursuit of this American dream, I don’t think they realize how that American dream erases Indigenous people, and further infringes upon our rights as Native people.\u00d3 (Photo by Jarrette Werk)” title_text=”Lee-1″ align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Image 3″ _builder_version=”4.14.9″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=”Caption 3″ _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Frank Bibeau inherited his grandfather\u2019s canoe and his cousin\u2019s wild rice plant, which he now uses to process wild rice with traditional techniques.\u00a0<\/span>(Photo courtesy of Frank Bibeau)<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”3.25″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text 2″ _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”18px” text_line_height=”1.8em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

In March, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources released a report showing that damage to groundwater from Line 3 Pipeline construction is much worse than previously thought. For Bibeau, the news was upsetting, but unsurprising.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt’s always the same thing,\u201d Bibeau said. \u201cThey get what they want and we get to clean up.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

So Bibeau, now an attorney for the White Earth Nation, is fighting back. Bibeau believes that Rights of Nature could be a gamechanger for tribes.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe may have the key to protecting our environment that nobody else has thought of using,\u201d he said.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In 2018, Bibeau helped the tribe write a law that recognized the rights of wild rice, which they call Manoomin (meaning \u201cgood berry\u201d), to \u201cexist, flourish, regenerate, and evolve.\u201d The law relies on a section of an 1837 treaty between the Ojibwe and the U.S. government.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI couldn’t figure out how to get authority over them to compel them to do anything we might want to do. And right in my brain, you know, it just clicked,\u201d Bibeau said. \u201cWild rice is mentioned specifically in the 1837 Treaty. It talks about how we retain the rights to hunt fish and gather wild rice on the lakes and rivers and lands that we’re ceding. Well, that’s huge.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.7.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.7.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text 4a” _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”18px” text_line_height=”1.8em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

In 2021, Bibeau used the Rights of Manoomin law to sue the State of Minnesota over the construction of the pipeline. The case is pending in both tribal and federal appeals courts.<\/span><\/p>\n

Since Bibeau first developed Rights of Manoomin, other tribes have used it as a model. In 2019, the Yurok Tribe in Northern California adopted a resolution recognizing the rights of the Klamath River. In Seattle, the Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe is suing the city over its hydroelectric dams on behalf of salmon. Bibeau believes that these two cases will be the next step in the growing Indigenous Rights of Nature movement and have the potential to lead to widespread use by tribes across the country.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cYou become part of the symbiotic relationship where you have no choice but to stand up and\u00a0 be part of the protection of the destruction that’s been going on here with our environment, with climate change,\u201d said Bibeau.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/naja.nextgenradio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2022\/04\/Lee-2.jpg” alt=”\u00d2The American dream is not my Indigenous dream. It’s so different than that,\u00d3 Jolie Varela said. \u00d2As an Indigenous woman, I would like to see our ceremonies restored, our traditions restored, our homelands restored, and our land back. When people come from other places and they come in the name of this American dream or in pursuit of this American dream, I don’t think they realize how that American dream erases Indigenous people, and further infringes upon our rights as Native people.\u00d3 (Photo by Jarrette Werk)” title_text=”Lee-2″ align_tablet=”center” align_phone=”” align_last_edited=”on|desktop” admin_label=”Image 2″ _builder_version=”4.14.9″ global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=”Caption 2″ _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

The Ojibwe have used canoes to harvest wild rice for thousands of years. Today, oil pipeline construction threatens to destroy the environment and water that wild rice and the region depend on.<\/span> (Photo courtesy of Frank Bibeau)<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text 4a” _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”18px” text_line_height=”1.8em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

In a setback for the case in March, the White Earth Ojibwe Appellate Court dismissed the tribe\u2019s own lawsuit. The ruling said that the court does not have jurisdiction over non-tribal member activities on off-reservation land. The case is still awaiting a decision from a Federal appeals court over that exact question.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas Linzey, senior legal counsel for the Center for Democratic and Environmental Rights and a Rights of Nature expert, called the decision a \u201chiccup\u201d that would not slow down the broader Rights of Nature movement. When he developed Rights of Manoomin, Bibeau worked with Linzey, who helped write the first American Rights of Nature resolution in 2006. Now, Linzey sees Rights of Nature laws popping up all over the country and he believes the momentum behind them will only continue to grow.<\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ _builder_version=”4.7.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.7.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Text 4a” _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” text_font_size=”18px” text_line_height=”1.8em” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Bibeau also remains undeterred. He sees the legal setback as an opportunity to learn and continue exploring the potential of Rights of Nature. The work he is doing, he hopes, can serve as a model for other tribes and communities to use Rights of Nature to protect their land, water, and wildlife.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe’re doing things that haven’t been done before,\u201d he said. \u201cThere’s a lot more to be discovered about the power of treaty rights. It\u2019s exciting.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.7.7″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/naja.nextgenradio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2022\/04\/Lee-4-scaled.jpg” title_text=”Lee-4″ admin_label=”Image 4″ _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=”Caption 4″ _builder_version=”4.14.9″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Wild rice harvesting is a community affair and Bibeau loves to get more people involved in the process to help them learn about Ojibwe culture.<\/span> (Photo courtesy of Frank Bibeau)<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nSacramento, CA 95826-2625<\/a>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=”Photo credit” _builder_version=”4.14.9″ text_font=”Source Sans Pro||on||||||” text_text_color=”#ffffff” text_font_size=”12px” text_line_height=”1.4em” background_size=”initial” background_position=”top_left” background_repeat=”repeat” custom_padding=”0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Photo credit: Starrley Shelton via flickr<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:<\/strong><\/p>\n

The\u00a0Next Generation Radio Project<\/a>\u00a0is a week-long digital journalism training project designed to give competitively selected participants, who are interested in radio and journalism, the skills and opportunity to report and produce their own multimedia story. Those chosen for the project are paired with a professional journalist who serves as their mentor.<\/p>\n

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This edition of the <\/span>#NPRNextGenRadio<\/span><\/a> project was produced in collaboration with:<\/span><\/p>\n